Prior to the Korean War, there was a conflicted sense of innocence and apprehension in the United States. Our former Communist allies were now our potential enemy. People were anxious to enjoy peace and prosperity from the triumphs earned and sacrifices endured during the World War II. Most had never heard of Korea.
Korea was the un-won war that never ended, no one even wanted to pronounce it a war: it was "The Korean Conflict," a "Police Action" and finally, "the Forgotten War." But no matter the name, it was still wounding, hurtful and fatal, killing tens of thousands U.S. soldiers and effecting thousands more lives at home.
Take a journey with Tucson residents as they talk about their memories of the war and of the Tucson area in the late 1940s and early 1950s as young men from Arizona and all over the country were being shipped off to defend South Korea against the advancing Red Army.
Tucson Remembers: Korea, Part 1
Premieres Thursday, May 28 at 8 p.m. on KUAT6 and HD
Tucson Remembers: Korea, Part 2
Premieres Thursday, May 28 at 9:30 p.m. on KUAT6 and HD
In Their Words
Eddie Rios, USMC
All the guys were joining the Marine Corps because we were getting T-Shirts, shoes, pants and all the stuff you know, and they told us not to worry, but everybody was showing off their T-shirts and their shoes and all that good stuff that we didn’t have, you know? We were proud to be wearing the Marine Corps stuff that they were issuing us.
Nobody, any of the guys that I know, or even myself never thought there was gonna be another outbreak like the Korean War. We weren’t ready. Or, never thought there was gonna be another war, we were just happy we were in the reserve and we could get out of Tucson every two weeks. Over there and enjoy ourselves at Camp Pendleton. And go to see Oceanside or go to California and see the outskirts of Camp Pendleton there.
Ruben Moreno, USMC
When we were taking Seoul, my job was to go from barricade to barricade and set up the gun and start trying to hit the upper windows of the buildings so that the squad of infantry could go on the other side and clean them out. Once I got to the other barricade I’d pick up the gun and run like nobody’s business to set up again. So that’s how we took Seoul.
But along the way we came to this barricade where the buildings were burning, it was so smoky that you couldn’t see but a short distance. I had the gun set up and all of a sudden I see somebody coming towards us.
Well, my squad leader says, "Shoot, Moreno, shoot." And he’s trying to unsling his carbine so he could shoot and, well, I had the guy in my sights and I knew I could drop him any moment. So I decided to be sure that I knew who it was before I shot him. It’s a good thing I did. Because when he came through the smoke it was a civilian with a little girl, I’d say about 4 years old, holding her by the elbows and her knee was gone... and it was just tied to the tendons back here, just swinging as he stepped with her.
Boy, I was glad I didn’t shoot. They took her and put her on a stretcher and carried her back and tears just started flowing. They almost evacuated me thinking that I had cracked up. But the compassion that I felt for her, it was terrible. Somewhere out there there’s a little girl, old lady by now, without a leg. What a hell of a way to grow up and the trauma she must have gone through. Well, that takes care of the two times I cried over there.
Bill Williams, USAF
I was leading a flight of four. The big push had gone in reverse, I mean really had gone in reverse. They were coming down like a steam roller and I’d strafe some of our trucks and stuff up there because our troops were no longer there. A column of probably at least 100 trucks.
The right side of the road was clear, nothing but farm land flat for miles. The Chinese were on the hill above them. There was a radio jeep with those troops, with the trucks, that was begging us to strafe the ditch along side the road, and I wouldn’t do it.
We were hitting the top of the route and about this time, the voice speaking very good English said, "This is Colonel Hemingway, you're strafing your own troops." No way any of our troops were up there, there was no way they could get up there. And I said colonel where are you? And he didn’t answer. So, they had one of our jeeps and that was the last time I got that call. We stayed there till we ran out of ammunition and fuel.
The next day, I flew back. All these trucks were there, but that wasn’t even the sound of life anywhere. Our troops had absolutely nowhere to go because if they ran off, away from the trucks, they were in open fields and just easy targets.
Douglas Raine, USAF
Well, World War II was a humongous effort and not only militarily with the troops on two different theaters of war and thousands and thousands of men involved, and women, but the whole home front was just geared, everybody was involved in manufacturing. The Korean War was not that way at all and there weren’t that many people involved either in the military, in fact our military had downsized and they were scrambling for pilots. That’s why I went through gunnery school in 40 hours instead of 80.
If old MacArthur had had his way, why, we’d still be over there I think. That would have really been bad. I didn’t forget it. In fact I’ve got to write some of these stories down for my grandkids I guess.
John Martin Meek, USN Corpsman
I came home in I think September of ’52 and I had given away or thrown away my civilian clothes so all I had was uniforms and as I said, in World War II in this little town, everybody who came home was a hero and many of them did serve overseas. And I came home and people were looking at me like I was some kind of a freak or something and two or three of them said, what are you doing in that uniform? And I couldn’t believe it.
It still today stuns me 56 or whatever years later, the reaction of the people in my hometown and to the best of my knowledge I am the only one from that town who was in combat in Korea.
One of my buddies who lived across the street was over there as an MP in Seoul and he had his own villa and cook and had a pretty good deal. But I think I was the only one who served in combat and I was just treated like, what the hell are you doing here. It kind of hurt.
The Korean War began on June 25, 1950 as the heavily armed and well-trained North Korean army crossed the 38th parallel - the border between the two Koreas at the end of World War II. North Korean artillery and mortar barrages began hitting South Korean positions along the 150-mile width of the peninsula. Then an invasion force of 90,000 troops and 150 Soviet-built tanks carried out coordinated assaults into South Korea.
By the night of June 28, Seoul had fallen and the South Korean forces were in disarray. The United Nations had just passed a resolution recommending that "the members of the United Nations furnish such assistance to the Republic of Korea as may be necessary to repel the armed attack and to restore international peace and security to the area."
The first battle between American and North Korean troops, on June 5th did not go well for the Americans. The Americans and South Koreans fought desperate delaying operations as more American units were rushed to Korea. By the end of July, the North Koreans had pushed the U.N. forces to the southeast corner of the peninsula, where they dug in around the port of Pusan.
The course of the war completely changed overnight by the launching of an amphibious invasion at the port of Inchon, near Seoul. American forces gained control of Inchon, recaptured Seoul and cut North Korean supply lines. American and ROK forces broke out of the Pusan Perimeter and chased the retreating enemy north entering a new phase of the war as they pushed across the 38th parallel into North Korean territory.
An all out offensive to the Yalu River, marking the Chines-Korean border, had just started when the Chinese launched 300 thousand troops against the American forces on the night of November 25th. The American forces were pushed back down the Korean peninsula losing Seoul.
On January 15 the U.N. began a slow advance north... inflicting heavy casualties on Chinese and North Korean troops. Seoul was recaptured on March 15 and patrols crossed the 38th parallel two weeks later. General MacArthur wanted restrictions removed from his forces and was fired after challenging President Truman. A stalemate ensued. The war ended on July 27, 1953.
Easy Company (E-Company), 13th Infantry Battalion, was the first Marine Corps Reserve unit from Tucson, Arizona, activated for the Korean Conflict in July of 1950.
E-Company Marines Remembered is a tribute to the men who could not return from the battlefields from their comrades who did. The surviving members of Easy Company have made it their responsibility to honor their memory by remembering the great sacrifices they made for their country.
